Over the past year, there has been lots of conversation about the
Lawrence Arts Center’s proposed development for East 9th Street. At City Commission, East Lawrence neighborhood meetings, in the
Journal-World and on the street, people have been discussing the potential impacts and opportunities of this ambitious and first of its kind endeavor in Lawrence.
Reflecting on the origins of this project, and studying recent evaluations of the new practice of creative placemaking, may help shed light on many of the concerns and questions that have been raised.
|
East 9th Street |
In 2010 Ann Markusen and Anne Gadwa Nicodemus completed
“Creative Placemaking,” the National Endowment for the Arts report that introduced this practice to a wider public. It was this report that launched the creative placemaking funding initiatives
Our Town and later
ArtPlace, which are at the center of the proposed East 9th Street project.
But just two years after co-authoring the NEA’s paper,
Markusen wrote of her unease about how ArtPlace was measuring creative placemaking success. She writes “ ArtPlace is developing “
measures of value, which capture changes in rental and ownership values…” This reads like an invitation to gentrification, and contrary to the NEA’s aspirations for creative placemaking to support social cohesion and community attachment.”
This is not a surprise. Gadwa Nicodemus and Markusen alerted us to the potential of creative placemaking to spur gentrification in their original NEA paper when they wrote, “Arts-initiated revitalization can set off gentrification pressures that displace current residents and small businesses, including non-profit arts organizations.”
And they are not alone in their concern.
In his 2013 essay,
“Placemaking and the Politics of Belonging and Dis-Belonging,” Roberto Bedoya, Executive Director of the Tucson Pima County Arts Council, writes, “The blind love of Creative Placemaking that is tied to the allure of speculation culture and its economic thinking of “build it and they will come” is suffocating and unethical, and supports a politics of dis-belonging employed to manufacture a “place.”
These comments by respected arts leaders are clearly reflected in the dialogue that has emerged around the proposed East 9th Street project. Although East Lawrence was represented on the Cultural District Task Force, which made general recommendations for the Cultural District, the East Lawrence Neighborhood Association (ELNA) was not consulted in the development of the actual ArtPlace and Our Town grants related to East 9th Street. Concerns about this lack of agency in the process, led ELNA to initiate forums for discussion around the project’s implications, including
facilitated public meetings and a three-hour
“Imagine East 9th Street” event.
|
Imagine East 9th Street event, November 16, 2014 |
Comments from many participants at these meetings expressed the need for accountability and the desire for full participation in the overall process. These ideas taken together concern social equity - the idea that fair access to livelihood, education, and resources; full participation in the political and cultural life of the community; and self-determination in meeting fundamental needs is a social good intrinsic to healthy and just communities.
In her 2014 article,
“The Gentrification of Our Livelihoods: Everything must go,” about an ArtPlace funded project in San Francisco, writer Megan Wilson speaks directly to this need for equity. She writes, “To achieve these ends, we must work to put far more pressure on our city officials and hold them accountable to provide the best services, opportunities, and amenities for residents, while ensuring that existing communities are protected and supported through high functioning planning, permitting, and legislation with strong and clear avenues for oversight and accountability by their constituencies.”
This is what many East Lawrence residents have been advocating for – genuine accountability and an acknowledgment of the value that their unique experience and knowledge can bring to the process. Unfortunately, these basic measures have yet to be met while new concerns have arisen, as expressed in a letter (below) sent to Lawrence City Commissioners and signed by more than 140 residents.
June 21, 2015
To Mayor Farmer and Lawrence City Commissioners,
We deeply appreciate the careful consideration you and city
staff have given the East Ninth project process and trust that you will
continue to give it the serious and thoughtful regard it deserves. The learning
curve has been steep for this ambitious and first of its kind endeavor for our
community.
In an effort to move toward the goals of a healthy, just,
equitable and sustainable East Ninth Street project, we, the one hundred forty
(140) individuals undersigned, have carefully reviewed the draft Work Plan
submitted by el dorado inc to the City Commission and propose the modifications
outlined below be included in the document before the plan is accepted.
1) Statement of Values
Respect and understanding of the place and people where this
project is proposed are critical to its acceptance and sustainability. The Work
Plan should be revised to acknowledge that the East Lawrence Neighborhood
already has a statement of values that applies to the majority of the area
where the project is planned. Following from this, the Design Team,
City and Lawrence Arts Center should strive to respect and be guided by these values
in reviewing existing plans, and as it moves forward with the East Ninth
project.
2) Artist Participation Model
The culture and spirit of East Lawrence are alive and well,
in part because of its organic growth and thoughtful and passionate
stewardship. All public art projects in recent memory that have been carried
out in East Lawrence have been presented for consideration and approval to the
East Lawrence Neighborhood Association before going on to the City. This
includes the mural at Hobbs Park, the forthcoming Intersection Repair, the New
York School mural, the Cultural District, and Better Block event. We believe
that the same process should be used for all art and culture related projects
outlined in the Artist Participation Model (APM) section of the Work Plan. The
Work Plan should be revised to include the East Lawrence Neighborhood
Association in the review and approval process (that includes Lawrence Cultural
Arts Commission, Historic Resources Commission, and City Commission), for all
art and culture related projects proposed in the APM.
To ensure that the character and expression of the
neighborhood is guided by those who live there, we propose that at least 50% of
the projects outlined in the APM be led by Lawrence artists (with at least one
Lawrence artist in each of the three sections of the APM), and at least half of
those led by East Lawrence artists. To make the most of the potential creative
exchange that can take place during this process, we propose that all art
projects outlined in the APM include paid assistant artists from Lawrence. This
will be great experience and training for our local artists and will give any
lead artists who are not from Lawrence essential insights into the place they
are working.
3) Conservation Overlay
In order to ensure that development along East 9th
Street and adjacent parts of the East Lawrence Neighborhood will evolve in a
way that protects and supports the cultural and economic life of its residents
and the unique character of its built environment, we propose that a
Conservation Overlay be designed and implemented as a part of the East Ninth
project and be in place before any work described in the Artist Participation
Model begins. The physical extent and specific provisions of the overlay would
be determined collaboratively with the City, project Design Team, East Lawrence
Neighborhood Association and other interested citizens.
Thank you again for your continued work on this issue and
specific consideration of our letter.
Sincerely,
Brenda Nunez
Robert Baker
Jean Ann Pike
Dave Pike
Richard Kershenbaum
David Crawford
Leslie Soden
Charlie Bryan
Ted Boyle
Dave Evans
Mary Kirkendall
Eric Kirkendall
Creed Shepard
Gotfred Beardshear
Phil Collison
Susan Earle
Lane Eisenbart
Jill Ensley
John Hachmeister
Amber Hansen
Thad Holcombe
Lora Jost
Ashley Laird
Sue Ashline
Jim McCrary
Dave Loewenstein
Arch Naramore
Alison Dishinger
Yanice Friedman
Carol Klinkett
Dennis Cox
Marilyn Brune
Chanette Alexander
Lauretta Hendricks Backus
Oswald Backus
Martha S. Thorp
Bonnie Uffman
Jill Allen
Macy C. Smith
Pat Miller
Dave Kingsley
Loring Henderson
Bob Garrett
Janet Martin
P. Johnson
Katheirne “KH” Harris
Irene Tsuneta
Don Kantorv
Megan Roelofs
Terese Cioffi
Katie Ashmore
Katie Reese
Marta Schwartz
John Huff
Marty Olson
Phil Chiley
Teresa Wilke
John P. Jervis
Janet A. Jackson
Louie Galloway
Saunny Scott
Laura Morgan
Susan Munn
Janet Good
Elliot Good-DeCosta
James C. Dunn
Ann Carlin Ozegovic
Shannon Gorres
Sarah Wallace
Maya Crocker
Linda Lips
Marvin E. Voth
Juliet Remmers
Brian Sultana
Ginger Chance
Thomas E. Peters
Dennis Constance
Daniel Bentley
Sarah Archiblod Busse
Barb Michener
Katy Clagett
Bridget Chapin
Nancy V. Brune
Carol Schmitt
Eileen Larson
Don Mayberger
Stephanie Harsin
E. F. Tolbert
Jane W. Gibson
Jim Carpenter
Sven Erik Alstrom
Frank Janzen
Alan Martin
Gregory M. Herrod
Pam Blackburn
Robert W. Lepphe
John Swift
Jay M. Hester
Rhonda Beardshear
Alonzo Beardshear
Nicollete Proudfoot
D. Byron Darby
Kellie Smith Herrod
Tony Peterson
Dorothy Devlin
Kyle Garchee
Sonya Bonner
Steve Bonner
Jolene Anderson
Brooklynne Mosley
Jackson Sump
Vicki Douglas
Phil Minkin
Dan Dimmit
C. D. Hall
Marilyn Hall
Claudean McKellips
Christopher Hayes
Marah Melvin
Ardys Ramberg
Sarah Rooney
Odessa Shorter
Cindy Suenram
Nicholas Ward
KT Walsh
Amanda Schwegler
Rebecca Blocksome
Kate Meyer
Aaron Paden
Judith K. Burns McCrea
Darron Carswell
Cindy Trask
Daniel Barkofske
Sam Michie
Ben Kimball
Carey Scott
Max Yoder
Johni Lacore
Chris Lempa